![]() ![]() ![]() Second, in adults, the researchers found that the higher the heritability of the cognitive test, the more the test depended on culture. This finding is actually quite striking, and suggests that the extent to which a test of cognitive ability correlates with IQ is the extent to which it reflects societal demands, not cognitive demands. First, in samples of both adults and children, they found that the greater the cultural load, the greater the test was associated with IQ:* Importantly, they assessed the "Cultural load" of various cognitive abilities by taking the average percentage of test items that were adjusted when the test was adapted for use in 13 different countries.įor instance, here is the cultural load of the Wechsler Intelligence Test subtests: ![]() They investigated how heritability coefficients vary across specific cognitive abilities. In a new study, Kees-Jan Kan and colleagues analyzed the results of 23 independent twin studies conducted with representative samples, yielding a total sample of 7,852 people. This traditional theory assumes that fluid intelligence is heavily influenced by genes and relatively fixed, whereas crystallized intelligence is more heavily dependent on acquired skills and learning opportunities. According to this theory, crystallized intelligence develops through the investment of fluid intelligence in a particular body of knowledge.Īs far as genetics is concerned, this story has a very clear prediction: In the general population- in which people differ in their educational experiences- the heritability of crystallized intelligence is expected to be lower than the heritability of fluid intelligence. Differences in fluid intelligence are thought to reflect novel, on-the-spot reasoning, whereas differences in crystallized intelligence are thought to reflect previously acquired knowledge and skills. One of the longest standing assumptions about the nature of human intelligence has just been seriously challenged.Īccording to the traditional "investment" theory, intelligence can be classified into two main categories: fluid and crystallized. ![]()
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