![]() ![]() ![]() The Celtic word was taken into medieval Latin vassallus "man-servant, domestic, retainer." In Old French it became vassal "subject, subordinate, servant" (12c.), and thus into English with this sense.Īct of homage King Charlemagne receiving the Oath of Fidelity and Homage from one of his great vassals: facsimile of a monochrome miniature in a 14th-century Ms of the "Chronicles of St. Becoming in the Proto-Celtic language *wasso- "young man, squire," literally "one who stands under," thence into: Welsh gwas "youth, servant," Breton goaz "servant, vassal, man," and Irish foss "servant". The word vassal ultimately comes from the PIE root *upo "under". In some countries, such as the Kingdom of Sicily, the commendation ceremony came to be referred to as investiture. The commendation ceremony is composed of two elements, one to perform the act of homage and the other an oath of fealty. The purpose of the commendation was to make a chosen person a vassal of a lord. When two men entered into a feudal relationship, they underwent the ceremony. The lord's "man", might be born unfree, but the commendatio freed him. The first recorded ceremony of commendatio was in 7th century France, but the relationship of vassalage was older, and predated even the medieval formulations of a noble class. 1410Ī commendation ceremony ( commendatio) is a formal ceremony that evolved during the Early Medieval period to create a bond between a lord and his fighting man, called his vassal. Feudal ritual David Bruce, King of Scotland, acknowledges Edward III of England as his feudal lord (1346), in a manuscript of Froissart's Chronicles, c. ![]()
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